Viscoelasticity and cell swirling motion

Although collective cell migration (CCM) is a highly coordinated and fine-tuned migratory mode, instabilities in the form of swirling motion (CSM) often occur. The CSM represents product active turbulence obtained at low Reynolds number which has feedback impact on various processes such as: morphogenesis, wound healing, cancer invasion. cause this phenomenon related to viscoelasticity multicellular systems context residual stress accumulation. Particular interest work to: (1) consider tissue cohesiveness as main parameter responsible for appearance, (2) discuss caused by CCM clarifying roles shear normal stresses, (3) describe dynamics mechanical waves generation based multiscale modeling consideration. While induces an increase packing density capable reducing healthy epithelium, exerts via torque against surface tension can induce CSM. Inhomogeneous distribution within swirl leads viscoelastic force suppressing CCM. This together with acts centrifugal radial pulsations connected successive stiffening softening. In work, review existing literature about given along assortment published experimental findings, order invite experimentalists test theoretical considerations systems.